針對(duì)企業(yè)家們普遍對(duì)于股權(quán)架構(gòu)頂層設(shè)計(jì)的價(jià)值與意義認(rèn)知不夠的實(shí)際情況,，為讓企業(yè)家們認(rèn)清股權(quán)頂層架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)必要性，山東頂層架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)公司將結(jié)合多年的股權(quán)咨詢和服務(wù)的實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),，從控制權(quán)和稅務(wù)成本兩個(gè)維度來(lái)解析如何進(jìn)行股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),，以期對(duì)企業(yè)家朋友產(chǎn)生有益的啟發(fā)和思考。

In view of the fact that entrepreneurs generally do not understand the value and significance of the top-level design of equity structure, in order to make entrepreneurs understand the practical necessity of the top-level design of equity structure, Shandong Top-level Architecture Design Company will combine years of practical experience in equity consulting and services to analyze how to design equity structure from the two dimensions of control and tax costs, with a view to generating beneficial inspiration and thinking for entrepreneurs.

一,、企業(yè)進(jìn)行股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的意義

1,、 The significance of equity structure design for enterprises

股權(quán)架構(gòu)是公司治理的源頭，良好的股權(quán)架構(gòu)將為公司管理,、決策以及開(kāi)展股權(quán)激勵(lì)和股權(quán)融資奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),；如果股權(quán)架構(gòu)存在隱患，那么隨著公司發(fā)展,，股東之間往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生分歧和矛盾,，甚至產(chǎn)生控制權(quán)糾紛。

The equity structure is the source of corporate governance, and a good equity structure will lay a solid foundation for corporate management, decision-making, and equity incentive and equity financing; If there are hidden dangers in the equity structure, then with the development of the company, there will often be differences and contradictions between shareholders, and even control disputes.

二,、通過(guò)股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)可保障公司控制權(quán)

2,、 The company's control can be guaranteed through the design of equity structure

企業(yè)家實(shí)現(xiàn)公司控制權(quán)的方式主要包括內(nèi)部控制和外部架構(gòu)控制，內(nèi)部控制可以通過(guò)股權(quán)控制,、協(xié)議和章程控制,、董事會(huì)控制等方式實(shí)現(xiàn)，外部控制包括控股公司金字塔杠桿架構(gòu)和有限合伙企業(yè)架構(gòu),。

The ways for entrepreneurs to achieve corporate control mainly include internal control and external structure control. Internal control can be achieved through equity control, agreement and articles of association control, board control, etc. External control includes pyramid leverage structure of holding company and limited partnership structure.

關(guān)于內(nèi)部控制：

About internal control:

1,、企業(yè)家通過(guò)股權(quán)實(shí)現(xiàn)控制權(quán)，必須知道的幾條股權(quán)比例線,。

1. In order to realize control through equity, entrepreneurs must know several equity proportion lines.

企業(yè)要設(shè)計(jì)好股權(quán)架構(gòu),、消除公司發(fā)展過(guò)程中控制權(quán)隱患，就要熟悉相關(guān)股權(quán)比例對(duì)控制權(quán)的影響,。對(duì)于股東而言,，持有不同比例的股權(quán)具有不同的意義,。

In order to design the equity structure and eliminate the hidden danger of control in the company's development process, enterprises should be familiar with the impact of relevant equity ratio on control. For shareholders, holding different proportions of equity has different meanings.

《公司法》中規(guī)定的幾個(gè)重要比例，是股權(quán)控制的“生命線”,。根據(jù)公司法規(guī)定,，持有67%（三分之二）以上股權(quán)的股東享有對(duì)公司絕對(duì)控制權(quán)，有權(quán)決定公司的一切事項(xiàng),；持有51%以上股權(quán)的股東享有對(duì)公司的相對(duì)控制權(quán),，有權(quán)決定公司的日常經(jīng)營(yíng)事務(wù)；持有公司34%（三分之一）以上的股東對(duì)公司重大事項(xiàng)享有一票否決權(quán),。所以,，通過(guò)股權(quán)比例實(shí)現(xiàn)控制是簡(jiǎn)單高能效的控制方式。

Several important proportions stipulated in the Company Law are the "lifeline" of equity control. According to the provisions of the Company Law, shareholders holding more than 67% (two thirds) of the shares enjoy absolute control over the company and have the right to decide all matters of the company; The shareholders holding more than 51% of the shares have the relative control over the company and have the right to decide the daily business affairs of the company; Shareholders holding more than 34% (one third) of the company have one vote of veto on major issues of the company. Therefore, controlling through equity ratio is a simple and efficient control method.

2,、一致行動(dòng)協(xié)議,、委托投票,、公司章程可以有效幫助企業(yè)家實(shí)現(xiàn)公司控制權(quán),。

2. The agreement of concerted action, proxy voting and the articles of association can effectively help entrepreneurs achieve corporate control.

有些時(shí)候，企業(yè)的客觀實(shí)際情況（比如股東未來(lái)貢獻(xiàn)價(jià)值在創(chuàng)業(yè)初期無(wú)法確定）決定了企業(yè)的股權(quán)分配比例一開(kāi)始就無(wú)法做到有明確的實(shí)際控制人,，出現(xiàn)平分股權(quán)或者股權(quán)均衡的情況,，這種情況下就只能通過(guò)股權(quán)控制以外的其他方式來(lái)解決前述問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的公司沒(méi)有實(shí)際控制人的問(wèn)題。

In some cases, the objective and actual situation of the enterprise (for example, the future contribution value of shareholders cannot be determined at the initial stage of entrepreneurship) determines that the equity distribution proportion of the enterprise cannot have a clear actual controller at the beginning. In this case, the problem that the company has no actual controller can only be solved by means other than equity control.

股東之間通過(guò)簽署一致行動(dòng)協(xié)議可以實(shí)現(xiàn)股東在出現(xiàn)分歧時(shí)以誰(shuí)的意見(jiàn)作為決策依據(jù)的問(wèn)題,，或者股東將投票權(quán)直接委托給其他股東行使,，進(jìn)而保證公司能夠有效決策，不陷入僵局,。

By signing a unanimous action agreement between shareholders, the issue of who's opinion should be taken as the basis for decision-making in case of disagreement can be realized, or shareholders can directly delegate their voting rights to other shareholders, so as to ensure that the company can make effective decisions without deadlock.

3,、控制董事會(huì)是企業(yè)家實(shí)現(xiàn)公司實(shí)際控制權(quán)的有效方式。

3. Controlling the board of directors is an effective way for entrepreneurs to realize the actual control of the company.

公司董事會(huì)是公司日常經(jīng)營(yíng)的決策機(jī)構(gòu),，有權(quán)決定公司機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置和總經(jīng)理,、財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)等公司核心人員的選聘、解聘,。公司創(chuàng)始人通過(guò)享有董事會(huì)多數(shù)席位,，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)即便在股權(quán)比例不能絕對(duì)控股的情形下，也可有效對(duì)公司實(shí)際控制,，掌握公司的實(shí)際經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán),。

The board of directors of the company is the decision-making body of the company's daily operation, and has the right to decide the establishment of the company's organization and the selection and dismissal of the company's key personnel such as the general manager and the chief financial officer. By enjoying the majority of the seats on the board of directors, the founder of the company can effectively control the company and grasp the actual management right of the company even if the equity ratio cannot be absolutely controlled.

現(xiàn)實(shí)中，很多公司創(chuàng)始人因?yàn)檎J(rèn)知原因,，忽視股權(quán)架構(gòu)的前期設(shè)計(jì),，認(rèn)為股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是大公司才會(huì)做的事，自己的企業(yè)規(guī)模還小沒(méi)有必要考慮,。后來(lái),，隨著企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)延伸，不斷壯大,，一些潛在的問(wèn)題就開(kāi)始慢慢顯現(xiàn)出來(lái),，這時(shí)候?yàn)榱私鉀Q問(wèn)題再開(kāi)始考慮找律師等專業(yè)人士提供解決方案，必然產(chǎn)生較大的時(shí)間和金錢成本,，需要付出巨大的代價(jià),。

In reality, many founders of companies ignore the preliminary design of equity structure for cognitive reasons, and think that equity structure design is a thing that only large companies can do. It is not necessary to consider the size of their own enterprises. Later, with the business development, industrial extension and continuous expansion of the enterprise, some potential problems began to emerge slowly. At this time, in order to solve the problem, we began to consider looking for lawyers and other professionals to provide solutions, which will inevitably result in a large cost of time and money, and will have to pay a huge price.

其實(shí)，股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與公司經(jīng)營(yíng)合法合規(guī)一樣,，跟公司規(guī)模的大小無(wú)關(guān),，不論企業(yè)規(guī)模的大小，股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)都有著同等重要的意義,，與其亡羊補(bǔ)牢,，在出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題后再調(diào)整，不如提前做好規(guī)劃,，盡早完善公司股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),。您對(duì)此有什么需求可以隨時(shí)來(lái)我們網(wǎng)站http://zyvd.cn進(jìn)行咨詢！

In fact, the equity structure design is the same as the legal and compliance of the company's operation, and has nothing to do with the size of the company. Regardless of the size of the enterprise, the equity structure design has the same important significance. It is better to make a plan in advance and improve the company's equity structure design as soon as possible than to make up for the mistakes and adjust after the problems occur. You can come to our website at any time if you have any needs http://zyvd.cn Consult!