就目前來說,僅明確了依照股權(quán)代持協(xié)議保護(hù)隱名股東的投資權(quán)益并未明確隱名股東的合法股東地位和能否享有股東權(quán)益問題,，隱名股東只能通過代持人主張權(quán)益,而不能直接向公司主張,故存在一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn);隱名股東權(quán)益被侵害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要來源于名義股東,我們可以通過相關(guān)條款加以約束
At present, it is only clear that the protection of the investment rights and interests of dormant shareholders in accordance with the equity holding agreement is not clear about the legitimate shareholder status of dormant shareholders and whether they can enjoy shareholder rights and interests. dormant shareholders can only claim their rights and interests through the proxy holder, and cannot directly claim to the company, so there is a certain risk; The risk of infringement of the rights and interests of dormant shareholders mainly comes from nominal shareholders, and we can constrain them through relevant provisions
隱名股東權(quán)益防范
Prevention of the rights and interests of dormant shareholders
01在股權(quán)代持協(xié)議中明確股東權(quán)利的行使方式,比如名義股東必須按照隱名股東的意愿行使股東權(quán)利,并提前出具行使股東權(quán)利的必要手續(xù),表決權(quán),分紅權(quán),增資優(yōu)先權(quán)等必須通過隱名股東的書面同意等.
In the equity proxy agreement, the method of exercising shareholder rights is specified, such as that nominal shareholders must exercise shareholder rights according to the wishes of dormant shareholders and provide necessary procedures for exercising shareholder rights in advance. Voting rights, dividend rights, capital increase priority rights, etc. must be approved in writing by dormant shareholders
02通過協(xié)議約定將名義股東對(duì)股份享有的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)排除在外,如名義股東發(fā)生陷入債務(wù),離異等情形時(shí),代持股權(quán)不能作為其項(xiàng)下財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行處分,以防名義股東利用其名下股權(quán)侵害隱名股東的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益或者當(dāng)名義股東出現(xiàn)意外等情況時(shí),隱名股東不得不卷入遺產(chǎn)繼承的糾紛案件中,才能拿回自己的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán),以及名義股東遭遇債務(wù)糾紛,代持股份被執(zhí)行等風(fēng)險(xiǎn).
02. By agreement, the property rights enjoyed by the nominal shareholders in the shares shall be excluded. If the nominal shareholders fall into debt, divorce, or other situations, the equity held on behalf of them cannot be disposed of as their property, in order to prevent the nominal shareholders from using their equity to infringe on the property rights and interests of the dormant shareholders or in case of accidents or other situations, the dormant shareholders must be involved in disputes over inheritance in order to recover their property rights, And the risks of nominal shareholders facing debt disputes and proxy holding of shares being executed
03在隱名股東與名義股東簽署股權(quán)代持協(xié)議的同時(shí),可要求名義股東將代持股權(quán)質(zhì)押給實(shí)際出資人,這樣一來,當(dāng)名義股東出現(xiàn)因陷入其他原因?qū)е麓止蓹?quán)被采取強(qiáng)制措施時(shí),由于代持股權(quán)已被設(shè)定質(zhì)押,名義股東的處分權(quán)受到限制,可在一定程度上保障實(shí)際出資人的優(yōu)先受償權(quán).
At the same time as the dormant shareholder signs the equity proxy agreement with the nominal shareholder, the nominal shareholder can be required to pledge the proxy equity to the actual investor. In this way, when the nominal shareholder is forced to take compulsory measures due to other reasons, as the proxy equity has already been pledged, the disposal rights of the nominal shareholder are limited, which can to some extent protect the priority compensation rights of the actual investor
04約定違約責(zé)任,在代持協(xié)議中,對(duì)名義股東損害隱名股東利益的情況加以約定,并設(shè)置嚴(yán)格的違約責(zé)任,從而起到對(duì)名義股東的威懾,、約束作用,降低隱名股東權(quán)益被侵害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).
04 stipulates the liability for breach of contract. In the proxy agreement, it is stipulated that the situation where the nominal shareholder damages the interests of the dormant shareholder, and strict liability for breach of contract is set up, thereby serving as a deterrent and constraint to the nominal shareholder and reducing the risk of infringement of the rights and interests of the dormant shareholder
隱名股東權(quán)益防范
Prevention of the rights and interests of dormant shareholders
另外,目前法律沒有明確規(guī)定隱名股東能否以其系實(shí)際出資人為由對(duì)抗該第三人的執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求,如果有名義股東的債權(quán)人獲法院生效判決并提出執(zhí)行請(qǐng)求,法院和其他權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)可以依法查封上述股權(quán),并將其用于償還代持股人的債務(wù),從而給隱名股東的財(cái)產(chǎn)帶來很大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn).
In addition, there is currently no clear provision in the law on whether dormant shareholders can use their actual contributors as a defense against the execution request of the third party. If a creditor of a nominal shareholder receives an effective judgment from the court and requests execution, the court and other authorities can legally seal the above-mentioned stock rights and use them to repay the debt of the proxy shareholder, thereby posing great risks to the property of the dormant shareholder
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